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Thursday, November 27, 2014

Algae to crude oil Million year natural process takes minutes in the lab

The US DOEs Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has an article on a new process for creating biofuel from algae - Algae to crude oil: Million-year natural process takes minutes in the lab.

Engineers have created a continuous chemical process that produces useful crude oil minutes after they pour in harvested algae — a verdant green paste with the consistency of pea soup.
The research by engineers at the Department of Energys Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was reported recently in the journal Algal Research. A biofuels company, Utah-based Genifuel Corp., has licensed the technology and is working with an industrial partner to build a pilot plant using the technology.
In the PNNL process, a slurry of wet algae is pumped into the front end of a chemical reactor. Once the system is up and running, out comes crude oil in less than an hour, along with water and a byproduct stream of material containing phosphorus that can be recycled to grow more algae.
With additional conventional refining, the crude algae oil is converted into aviation fuel, gasoline or diesel fuel. And the waste water is processed further, yielding burnable gas and substances like potassium and nitrogen, which, along with the cleansed water, can also be recycled to grow more algae. ...
PNNL scientists and engineers simplified the production of crude oil from algae by combining several chemical steps into one continuous process. The most important cost-saving step is that the process works with wet algae. Most current processes require the algae to be dried — a process that takes a lot of energy and is expensive. The new process works with an algae slurry that contains as much as 80 to 90 percent water.

Thursday, October 30, 2014

A Year In Review

This past year saw many changes and newsworthy stories in regards to environmentalism and the green movement. Sustainability was front and centre as new environmental initiatives were announced, however, the green aspects of 2012 were most defined by the environmental stories that made the news. The Keystone pipeline dominated the airwaves in North America and throughout the globe, while environmentalism was a large part of other events such as the London Summer Olympics and the largest Earth Day celebrations yet. The United States saw their year culminate in their national and presidential elections where the environment was a hot topic, and Canada had its own environmental showdown as provinces pulled away from the federal government to pursue their own options as Canada decided on its own future. There are many noteworthy stories and events that could make up our list, however, here are a few that caught our attention:

January

The US State Department announced that it would not approve the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline between Canada and the United States. TransCanada, the entity applying for the deal, was told that they can re-apply once they submit a new route that ensures protection of vulnerable ecosystems. TransCanada has begun to re-examine their proposal and plans to re-apply by 2014.

February

The Government of Ontarioreleased the now infamous Drummond Report, a 668 report outlining recommendations to reduce Ontario’s growing debt. Several key recommendations involved environmental legislation, including the increase of environmental protection stewardship, and a more accurate system to value environmental protection projects. It also advocated for the creation of a national transit strategy where all provinces and territories actively work together towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions in vehicles.

Swedish car manufacturer, Volvo, introduced the first ever hands free driving technology. This was hailed as the first step in true road train technology, where roads are able to function as trains for individual travelling cars, removing the need for fossil fuels and lessening the occurrence of accidents due to long distance travel.

March

The TEEB Conference 2012 – Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: Challenges for Science and Implementation conference happened in Leipzig, Germany. More than 250 scientists and economic experts from all over the world met to discuss the importance of biodiversity and its economic value. The main focus of the conference was on how to get international environmental agreements implemented at the national level.

April

Earth Day, held on April 22, was special this year. The celebrations were used to mark the increases in awareness and the pieces of legislation passed since the first one in 1970, including the Clean Air Act. However, this party also occurred as a precarious time as Congress debated whether the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should all be dismantled.

May

Nike International created a new way to choose factories to conduct business with. The Source & Manufacturing Sustainability Index is now used to measure labour and environmental sustainability standards in choosing where they will have their goods manufactured.

Nike also announced a partnership with Dutch company DyeCoo Textile Systems, who have created the first commercially viable waterless textile dyeing machines. They use recycled carbon dioxide instead of water, thereby greatly reducing the amount of pollution placed into waterways.

June

The EPA had its mandate upheld by the US Court of Appeals in the District of Columbia over how they regulate greenhouse gas emissions. The judicial vote was unanimously in favour of the EPA regulating all emissions that if finds harmful as per the Clean Air Act. This included vehicles and all stationary sources, such as buildings.

July

UN Secretary Ban Ki-moon announced that three of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals have been achieved three years ahead of schedule; those in regards to poverty, slums, and water. The levels of drinkable water have increased drastically due to environmental initiatives to clean up required water sources. The portion of people with access to clean water has now risen to 89%, up from 76% in 1990.

August

The 2012 London Olympic Summer Gamesbrought athletes, dignitaries, and supporters from all over the world. The Games were hailed as the “greenest ever” due to sustainability efforts in place. The Olympic Games required 35 million kilowatt hours of energy to run, the same amount of electricity required to power a city of 150,000 for a year. Energy requirements were able to be reduced by 20% and the Games achieved their goal of zero waste to landfills and over 70% of waste being re-used, recycled, or composted.

September

Arctic sea ice shrank to its lowest levels ever recorded. At the time of recording, it was not even finished as it shrunk an additional 500,000 sq. km beyond this point. Scientists have begun to push even more adamantly for climate control conditions as there were no erroneous weather patterns or unusual conditions that could explain the drastic shift other than unprecedented climate change.

October

The United Nations Biodiversity Conference and its member states pledged to double the amount of resources available for biodiversity protection by 2015. Among areas queued for special protection are the Saragasso Sea, the Tonga archipelago, and certain coral sites off the Brazilian coast. The conference also created new measures for how to gauge levels of biodiversity protection. India, the country with the second highest population and many areas in need of biodiversity protection, was targeted to lead the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity for the next two years.

November

The United States Presidential election occurred with Barack Obama winning a second term. His first term included executive orders that increased fuel efficiency standards for vehicles and regulatory initiatives to control air pollution from coal power plants. The second term looks to be more of the same. Obama’s victory speech stated a goal to be “free from foreign oil,” a long-standing desire of both political parties. To make this desire closer to a reality, President Obama has outlined a plan that includes increasing shale gas output and tax credits for alternative energy projects. Other initiatives that have been discussed are a carbon tax and ending subsidies corporations that extract, refine, and distribute fossil fuels; however, these two may be difficult as the Republican controlled Congress has spoken out against them.

December

Canada became the first nation to formally pull out of the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was originally passed in 1997 and asked for developed nations to reduce their carbon emissions by 5% lower than 1990 levels, which was to occur by 2012. Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol occurred as recent polls showed Canadians in favour of British Columbia’s new carbon tax and with the majority stating that the Canadian government should be showing leadership on environmental issues.

This past year can be marked as one of transition; the majority of people are seeing a world worth protecting and finally, governments are slowly coming to the same realization. While some governments are more proactive than others, the shift has been noticeable, from small municipalities right up to the United Nations.

It is important to note that not all of these stories were able drastic change or new technologies that will change the world; they are about perceptions, how people are changing the way they think. The swell of people from around the world who are demanding global action for a better and greener future and beginning are showing their influence and governments are beginning to realize the economic value of environmentalism. We hope that you continue to join us in 2013 to see what the New Year brings for environmental action, green technology, and global awareness!

Sources: UNEP, Examiner, Guardian.co.uk, Guardian.co.uk, Green Car, Peer.eu, Environmental Defence, O.Canada, Scientific American, Macleans, Waste-management-world, Earth Day 2012, Touch The Earth, Oil News, Living Well, Business Review, Climate Talks, Europa Environmental

Wednesday, October 29, 2014

First Floating Wind Turbine In The U S Deploys In Maine

The HuffPo has a post on a floating wind power pilot project in the US - First Floating Wind Turbine In The U.S. Deploys In Maine (from back in April - needless to say time is not of the essence here in recent years).

The first floating wind turbine in U.S. history went upright and onto the water in Brewer, Maine, on Friday, on its way to being put in place and connected to the grid off the coast near the town of Castine.
The 65-foot-tall VolturnUS 1:8 prototype is a small-scale model of the giant 6-megawatt turbines the University of Maine’s Advanced Structures and Composites Center and its partners in the DeepCWind Consortium hope to have in the water someday. Deep-water wind supporters in Maine believe that by 2030 they can grab 5 gigawatts of power with arrays of large turbines up to 50 miles off the coast, away from conflicts and where the winds blow strong and consistent. ...
Floating turbines are seen as a next logical step in offshore wind development. Standard offshore turbines are nearly always installed in waters less than 30 meters deep, but deeper water accessible only with floating turbines could offer even better wind as well as fewer stakeholder and aesthetic conflicts. A couple of demo floating projects have launched in Europe, one by Energias de Portugal and Principle Power off Portugal and the world’s first, in 2009, Statoil’s Hywind.
Beyond this smaller-scale pilot, DeepCWind is planning to build two of the 6-megawatt full-sized turbines in the 2015-17 period. To aid in that effort, this past December the U.S. Department of Energy gave the university a $4 million grant (at the same time it backed the Oregon floating project), and other such projects are brewing around the world.
Ultimately, the Maine group aims to have some 80 turbines floating in 4-mile by 8-mile zone 20 miles from the coast. The team figures those turbines will be able to produce electricity at 10 cents per kilowatt-hour without subsidies, meeting a 2020 goal of the DOE.

Tuesday, October 21, 2014

Energy Resources In Pakistan

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Tuesday, October 14, 2014

Saudi to boost crude burn for power generation in 2011

Arabian Business News has a report on the spiralling consumption of oil in Saudi Arabia for power generation - Saudi to boost crude burn for power generation in 2011 .

Saudi Arabia, the worlds top oil exporter, will step up its use of crude for power generation in 2011, Saleh Alawaji, the countrys junior electricity minister, said on Thursday, as the nation balances use of a new oilfield against obligations to oil cartel OPEC.

Saudi oil industry figures showed the kingdom estimated direct use of fuel for power generation to rise to 540,000 bpd this year from 403,000 bpd last year.

"Our main sources are crude oil and natural gas, and the new expansion of power plants this year will use more crude oil," Alawaji told reporters on the sidelines of an industry conference in Singapore.

Using more crude to generate electricity allows the kingdom to utilise fresh output from a major new oilfield while holding firm to its OPEC commitments to curb exports. ...

CRUDE BURN: Saudi Arabia, the worlds top oil exporter, will step up its use of crude for power generation in 2011 (Getty Images)

CRUDE BURN: Saudi Arabia, the worlds top oil exporter, will step up its use of crude for power generation in 2011 (Getty Images)

Saudi Arabia, the worlds top oil exporter, will step up its use of crude for power generation in 2011, Saleh Alawaji, the countrys junior electricity minister, said on Thursday, as the nation balances use of a new oilfield against obligations to oil cartel OPEC.

Saudi oil industry figures showed the kingdom estimated direct use of fuel for power generation to rise to 540,000 bpd this year from 403,000 bpd last year.

"Our main sources are crude oil and natural gas, and the new expansion of power plants this year will use more crude oil," Alawaji told reporters on the sidelines of an industry conference in Singapore.

Using more crude to generate electricity allows the kingdom to utilise fresh output from a major new oilfield while holding firm to its OPEC commitments to curb exports. It also helps the kingdom meet stricter environment rules.

Power generation capacity in the kingdom is likely to grow by about 6 to 10 percent this year, while installed power generation capacity, which now stands at 50 GW, would grow to 77 GW by 2020.

Peak power demand for the summer in 2010 was 45,000 megawatts (MW), he added, versus 41,000 MW in 2009.

Although sitting on the worlds biggest oil and gas reserves, Saudi Arabia is struggling to keep pace with rapidly rising power demand as petrodollars have fueled a region-wide economic boom as well as rapid population growth.